Is an apple like a fruit?:A study on comparison and categorisation statements

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Contrast perception as a visual heuristic in the formulation of referential expressions

We hypothesize that contrast perception works as a visual heuristic, such that when speakers perceive a significant degree of contrast in a visual context, they tend to produce the corresponding adjective to describe a referent. The contrast perception heuristic supports efficient audience design, allowing speakers to produce referential expressions with minimum expenditure of cognitive resources, while facilitating the listener's visual search for the referent. We tested the perceptual contrast hypothesis in three language-production experiments. Experiment 1 revealed that speakers overspecify color adjectives in polychrome displays, whereas in monochrome displays they overspecified other properties that were contrastive. Further support for the contrast perception hypothesis comes from a re-analysis of previous work, which confirmed that color contrast elicits color overspecification when detected in a given display, but not when detected across monochrome trials. Experiment 2 revealed that even atypical colors (which are often overspecified) are only mentioned if there is color contrast. In Experiment 3, participants named a target color faster in monochrome than in polychrome displays, suggesting that the effect of color contrast is not analogous to ease of production. We conclude that the tendency to overspecify color in polychrome displays is not a bottom-up effect driven by the visual salience of color as a property, but possibly a learned communicative strategy. We discuss the implications of our account for pragmatic theories of referential communication and models of audience design, challenging the view that overspecification is a form of egocentric behavior

Knowledge pipeline in freight pipeline industry: competence- based model for open innovation

There is growing concern over the challenges for innovation in Freight Pipeline industry. Since the early works of Chesbrough a decade ago, we have learned a lot about the content, context and process of open innovation. However, much more research is needed in Freight Pipeline Industry. The reality is that few corporations have institutionalized open innovation practices in ways that have enabled substantial growth or industry leadership. Based on this, we pursue the following question: How does a firm’s integration into knowledge networks depend on its ability to manage knowledge? A competence-based model for freight pipeline organizations is analysed, this model should be understood by any organization in order to be successful in motivating professionals who carry out innovations and play a main role in collaborative knowledge creation processes. This paper aims to explain how can open innovation achieve its potential in most Freight Pipeline Industries

Caso clínico: síndrome opsoclonus-mioclonus asociado a un neuroblastoma abdominal

Opsoclonus-ataxia, also called “dancing eye syndrome,” is a serious neurologic condition that is often a paraneoplastic manifestation of occult neuroblastoma in early childhood. Although survival is high with anti-tumoral treatment and immunosuppressive therapy, outcome generally includes significant developmental and behavioral sequelae. We report a case diagnosed at nine month of age, treated in our Unit and refered for a multidisciplinary neuropsychological rehabilitation when she was 4 year old.Opsoclono-ataxia, también llamada “dancing eye sindrome”, es un trastorno neurológico de importancia que a menudo se presenta como una manifestación paraneoplásica de neuroblastoma oculto en la primera infancia. Aunque la supervivencia con tratamiento antitumoral y terapia inmunosupresora es elevada, el resultado general indica importantes secuelas en el desarrollo y en la conducta. Presentamos un caso de una niña diagnosticada a los nueve meses de edad, tratada en nuestra Unidad y que fue derivada a un programa de rehabilitación interdisciplinar y neuropsicológica cuando la niña tenía 4 años de edad